تويت
نعرض لكم آخر تقرير عن الصفقات الروسية العسكرية لدول الخليج (وكذلك بعض الدول العربية) وهو خاص لشهر نوفمبر 2013 ، وعنوانه "عسكرة الشرق الأوسط وملخص الدور الروسي " MILITARIZATION MIDDLE EAST: THE ROLE OF RUSSIA ABSTRACT .. ومن أغرب الأمور التي قرأتها بالتقرير خبر شراء سلطنة عمان لعدد ستة دبابات من نوع T-80 العام 1992 !! كما أنها المرة الأولى التي أعلم بها أن السلطنة تمتلك صواريخ 9K129 Kornet-E .
MILITARIZATION MIDDLE EAST: THE ROLE OF RUSSIA ABSTRACT
On world markets for Russian arms package orders and deliveries real for many years ranks second after the United States. Most contracts in the past eight years has been concluded Asia Pacific countries, which accounted for 55-57% of Russian arms exports. Middle East takes here the second place - 14.2%, and North and Northeast Africa - 12.7%. The top ten The largest buyers of Russian weapons in these two regions are: Algeria, Iran (4.1% of total exports), Syria (3.1%), Egypt (3.0%) and the UAE (1.8%). In 2012, the entire volume of Russian arms exports in value terms amounted to 15.2 billion dollars, of which about 20% came from the Middle East. At the same time, in 2012 the top ten largest customers of arms and military equipment (AME) Russian production from the Middle East Iraq came only with a preliminary order book of 4.2 billion dollars, amounted to 23.17% of the total portfolio acquired in the year orders. However, the ongoing political and military developments in the Middle East and North Africa having an increasing impact on the regional balance of Russia's arms exports, and today it is obvious that the share of the Middle East in this export declines.
Bahrain.
Bahrain maintains close military and political ties with the United States - In the country of the headquarters of the 5th Fleet of the U.S. Navy - and imports of military hardware oriented mainly on them. Given the limited oil reserves and, accordingly, foreign exchange reserves, the country has an important place in the import of military hardware acquisition of the former Used equipment or lease, ie bets on cheaper options. On the sum of import orders of military products in recent years, Bahrain held 57 in the world rankings and 13 in the Middle East, only ahead of Yemen and Lebanon, with a share of 0.7% of all countries in the region procured weapons. Military-technical cooperation (MTC) with Russia Bahrain almost done: known only to a single delivery in 2004, 40 trucks KAMAZ-4326. There may have been concluded as small value contracts for the supply of weapons for special forces operations, but no official data on this. While this is all on the achievements of Russia Bahrain military equipment market. This situation did not change even intensive negotiations on the supply of aircraft, conducted in January 2010 during the international Bahrain International Air Show 2010 Eyrshou (BIAS-2010).
Qatar.
This emirate is also under strong American influence. On the territory Qatar is a major military base of the United States that will certainly affect and on his arms and materiel procurement policies. Conventional arms exporter in the country France has been a long time, but in the last decade, priority belongs to the United States. After the last eight years on a package of demands weapons Qatar occupies 12th place in Middle East, having similar results with Iran: until 2015 he will spend for this purpose to $ 1.186 billion Of this amount, $ 750 million in the U.S. (63.2%), and $ 150 million to Germany and Switzerland (by 12.65%), followed by a small contract with Italy, France and the Netherlands. Interaction Qatar and Russia MTC practically not developed - still it limited to only a single delivery in 2004 of 500 military trucks KAMAZ, and the nearest term breakthrough in this area is not expected. In the best case possible implementation of low-value programs related to the repair of previously supplied equipment and / or procurement of small batches of armored vehicles and dual-use goods. In addition, Russia is also in talks to supply certain types of weapons for the forces special purpose Qatar (maybe some contracts have already been signed).
Kuwait.
Despite the fact that Kuwait is a typical pro-Western Arab monarchies, he tries to maintain friendly relations with many countries, including Russia. Country the whole cycle has finished restore and modernize its armed forces after the Iraqi occupation of 1990-1991., resorting to arms procurement not only Western but also Russian production (eg, BMP-2, BMP-3, Smerch MLRS). However, the dominant position in overall supplies are the United States and, apparently, they will retain this position in the future. Today, Russia is trying to interest Kuwait modernization programs tanks and M-84AV BMP-3 and the supply of air defense. However, after 2002 a significant procurement in Russia Qatari side was not made, except in 2009, signed a contract for delivery against payment of the Russian debt two landing craft air cushion Project 12061E Murena (accessible information on the implementation of the contract as Fall 2013 is not). In addition, Russia is currently completing the modernization of MLRS Tornado and began modernization of BMP-3 delivered to Kuwait.
UAE.
United Arab Emirates is the second country after Saudi Arabia Middle East region in terms of procurement of military hardware. UAE traditionally run policy import diversification, although the market is dominated by American arms manufacturers. One of the biggest arms deals in world history was the conclusion in 2007 agreement for the purchase in the United States nine SAM batteries PAC-3 in the amount of $ 9 billion of actual volume U.S. arms shipments to the UAE in 2008-2011. estimated at 7.335 billion dollars, representing 66.1% of total imports of arms UAE (11.095 billion dollars). Second place in the years occupied Russia ($ 891 million), the third - France (818 million dollars). The top five also included Germany ($ 507 million) and Switzerland ($ 307 million). United States in the coming years will retain its undisputed dominance of the arms market in this country: the volume of their exports to the UAE in 2015 to be about U.S. $ 12.717 billion (77.53% of total planned volume of deliveries). Second place is likely to take France (1881000000 dollars), the third - Italy (607 million dollars). Fourth and fifth places are reserved Switzerland (204 million) and Sweden ($ 180 million). Russia is not listed. Meanwhile, the Russian military-technical cooperation and the UAE has a long history. Since the beginning of the 1990s. UAE were delivered large batches of armor (815 BMP-3 and vehicles based on them), as well as Smerch MLRS, and Igla MANPADS Igla-S, anti-tank and anti-aircraft missiles, and cars. But after the 2001 volumes Russian supplies began to decline, and in recent years gained wide popularity Once the program is to develop and supply the UAE 50 ZRPK Carapace-C1 in the amount of 734 million dollars Running long negotiations on the establishment for the UAE air defense system based on the Russian S-400 have not yet yielded results, despite the announcement made back in 2007 a ??proposal for redemption Russian debt UAE deliveries of military equipment. The volume of Russian exports in the period 2008-2011 gg. amounted to 890.6 million dollars, but then it began a sharp decline.
Oman.
Sultanate of Oman - one of the most militarized states in the Middle East. Oil revenues contribute to the record high cost of weapons. The main partners in Oman PTS are the UK and the U.S., which in recent years increasingly joined France, Germany, South Africa, Pakistan, India, Jordan and Saudi Arabia. In 2003-2009. Oman purchased American weapons and military technology for nearly $ 1 billion in Oman remains an important springboard Western countries in case of warfare in Middle East. Therefore, both the Americans and the British with respect to Oman departed from its usual practice of supply armies of Arab countries obsolete weapons and supply enough Sultanate modern samples of military hardware. PTS sultanate with Russia so far has been episodic. We only know about the delivery in 1992 six T-80 tanks (data UN Register of Conventional Arms) and the purchase in 2005, the party LAW 9K129 Kornet-E. Oman also addressed the question of the Russian shore supply Bastion complex equipped with supersonic anti-ship missiles PG-10 BrahMos Russian-Indian development. However, information on the conclusion of such a contract is not.
Saudi Arabia.
As a leading oil power in the Middle East and one of the most important U.S. allies, Saudi Arabia spends on acquiring weapons of enormous resources. With the U.S. on the one hand, the Saudis deliver the most advanced military hardware samples, and on the other, try to keep the military-technological superiority of Israel in the region.
A new wave of Saudi contracts began in 2006, when this country was signed agreement for the purchase of American and French weapons worth about $ 13 billion, which is comparable with the amount of contracts for the 1998-2005 years. In 2007 was made ??a large-scale transaction for the acquisition of the UK 72 Eurofighter Typhoon fighter cost 8.9 billion dollars (in the long term total cost of delivery may be more than $ 20 billion). Negotiating the purchase of the other major parties in the UK and aircraft France. Also expected to purchase tanks, antiaircraft and escort warships. Thus, among the suppliers of military hardware Saudis came to the fore in United Kingdom, second place is occupied by the U.S. (3.417 billion dollars), the third - France (880 million dollars), more are Canada (498 million dollars) and Turkey (408 million dollars). Total exports of weapons and military equipment to Saudi Arabia carried out by 11 countries, including Russia. It is expected that by 2015 the U.S. come out on top by the supply of military hardware to Saudi Arabia (U.S. $ 16.843 billion). Russia has been trying to penetrate the Saudi arms market, though not quite successfully. It is known that in Saudi Arabia passed the test tank T-90S were also conducted negotiating the sale of other Russian armored vehicles totaling approximately $ 1 billion The Saudis have also shown interest in Russian air defense systems and helicopters. In the summer of 2008 was signed a framework agreement on military-technical cooperation between Russia and Saudi Arabia. Later times there were reports that Moscow and Riyadh are working on a package of purchase agreements Russian helicopters, air defense systems and armored vehicles worth more than 4 billion dollars, however, the information is still not have reached an agreement.
Iraq .
After the regime change in Baghdad in 2003, Russia has managed to put Iraqonly a few multipurpose helicopters Mi-17 . Of course, the Iraqi leadershiparms market in Iraq belongs to Americans who carry about 85% total imports of military hardware to the country. However, since mid-2012 the situation has changed. This occurred after Russia and Iraq have agreed on the portfolio to supply arms to the $ 4.2 billion We are talking about buying 48 combat vehicles air defense missile-gun complex Carapace C-1 ($ 2.2 billion), 36 helicopters Mi-28N ($ 2 billion) and a certain amount ofmilitary equipment. Appeared also reports of a possible purchase in Baghdad short term fighter MiG-29M/M2 .Signing of Russia and Iraq one of the largest contracts in the MTC for all recent history from a political point of view has been regarded as evidence that the Shiite government of this country begins to conduct more independent of Washington's policy. However, immediately after signing the contract began to appear conflicting opinions on the reality of this transaction, including by some Iraqi officials who propose to revise contracts because of their possible of corruption. As a result, there is still no clarity as to when and in what volume will begin implementation of these agreements. Besides the active counteraction final decision on the part of Iraq have the U.S., which is not interested in strengthening Russia's position in the region.
Iran .
Iran now largely located in international isolation,largely relies on self in the military sphere. Iran's cooperation with Russia was quite active during the implementation of a package of agreements in 1989-1991., which were delivered to Iran planes MiG-29 and Su-24MK , SAM C-200VE three underwaterdraft boats 877EKM , organized the local assembly of tanks T-72S and BMP-2 . This cooperationwas interrupted in the late 1990s. Russian side under pressure from the Americans. After the 2000 Russian-Iranian military-technical cooperation was resumed only in limited quantities, and the largest contract at the time was the supply of SAM -Tor M , attack aircraft Su-25 andHelicopter Mi-17 . In subsequent years, negotiations and contacts then resumed, thenquieted down again, which was due solely political situation around Iran's nuclear program and the international reaction to it. Periodically renewable supply of military hardware to Iran have always been accompanied by the introduction of the U.S. sanctions against Russian arms manufacturers. Most often this Sanctions were subjected to aircraft manufacturers, rocketry and air defense systems, among which Instrument Design Bureau , the company Sukhoi and Rosoboronexport as a mediator.Regular and short-term thaw began in late 2007 when, in Tehran meeting of the Russian-Iranian intergovernmental commission on military-technical cooperation, which is the main result became Russia's statement of intent to continue the PTS with Iran. She ended the spring of 2010, when it was already clear that against Iran will be introduced more stringent UN sanctions, which Russia for various reasons, have to support what happened. UN Security Council resolution number 1929 was adopted June 9, 2010, and September 22, 2010 was promulgated Presidential Decree on the implementation of this resolution prohibiting any transfer to Iran battle tanks, armored combat vehicles, large caliber artillery systems, combat aircraft, attack helicopters, warships, missiles or missile systems, SAM S-300 , or material resources associated with all of the above, including spare parts.
During the thaw negotiated supply 50 engines RD-33 that Iran wasintends to establish supersonic fighter-bombers of its own design Azarakhsh ( Lightning ), the creation of Iran modified version of the helicopter Ka-32 andserial assembly of these helicopters in Iran, Iranian submarines repair project 877EKM .Also discussed the possibility of purchasing fighter Su-30 and MiG-29 SMT , tacticalmissile systems Iskander-E , tanks T-90S tanks , towed artillery Nona-K and other equipment. Naval forces of Iran have shown interest in acquiring missile, landing and patrol boats and corvettes. As promising directions PTS both parties recognized the cooperation in the development of space communication systems and remote sensing and organization of licensed production in Iran a number of land and sea weapons systems. In addition to these negotiations in 2007 Russia was implemented SAM supply 29 Tor-M1 , including the 1200 missiles for them.The most significant event in this period was the signing of a contract to supply Iran 5 divisions AAMS S-300PMU-1 estimated cost of about $ 800 million, however,Support Russian embargo on Iran in June 2010 led to automatically complete failure to comply with these agreements. Iran from happening make conclusions, accusing Russia of dishonesty and saying, that is already independent development of similar air defense systems. Obviously, in Further, even if the lifting of sanctions, Iran is unlikely to be bought in Russia weapons and reoriented in this direction to China, which is already happening, and other more compliant suppliers. Moreover, since the spring of 2011 in the Court of Arbitration Geneva is a trial on the Iranian claim to the $ 4 billion While Russia has returned Iran only advance by non-fulfillment of a contract in the amount of $ 166.8 million and continues endeavor to ensure that Iran has withdrawn its claim - to no avail. Total losses in Russia due to the failure of the military technical cooperation with Iran is estimated at 11-13 billion dollars This volume includes a waiver of arms deliveries under signed contracts and lost profits from folding programs for promising projects. Today, cooperation Iran is being sluggish for a limited range of weapons that are not prohibited UN Security Council resolution. Judging by some fragmentary information, we can talk about modify previously supplied aircraft Su-24MK and repair Iranian submarines.Projected volume of Russian exports to Iran to 2015. will be about 60 million dollars, compared with 1.68 billion dollars in 2004-2007. and $ 410 million in 2008-2011.
MILITARIZATION MIDDLE EAST: THE ROLE OF RUSSIA ABSTRACT
On world markets for Russian arms package orders and deliveries real for many years ranks second after the United States. Most contracts in the past eight years has been concluded Asia Pacific countries, which accounted for 55-57% of Russian arms exports. Middle East takes here the second place - 14.2%, and North and Northeast Africa - 12.7%. The top ten The largest buyers of Russian weapons in these two regions are: Algeria, Iran (4.1% of total exports), Syria (3.1%), Egypt (3.0%) and the UAE (1.8%). In 2012, the entire volume of Russian arms exports in value terms amounted to 15.2 billion dollars, of which about 20% came from the Middle East. At the same time, in 2012 the top ten largest customers of arms and military equipment (AME) Russian production from the Middle East Iraq came only with a preliminary order book of 4.2 billion dollars, amounted to 23.17% of the total portfolio acquired in the year orders. However, the ongoing political and military developments in the Middle East and North Africa having an increasing impact on the regional balance of Russia's arms exports, and today it is obvious that the share of the Middle East in this export declines.
Bahrain.
Bahrain maintains close military and political ties with the United States - In the country of the headquarters of the 5th Fleet of the U.S. Navy - and imports of military hardware oriented mainly on them. Given the limited oil reserves and, accordingly, foreign exchange reserves, the country has an important place in the import of military hardware acquisition of the former Used equipment or lease, ie bets on cheaper options. On the sum of import orders of military products in recent years, Bahrain held 57 in the world rankings and 13 in the Middle East, only ahead of Yemen and Lebanon, with a share of 0.7% of all countries in the region procured weapons. Military-technical cooperation (MTC) with Russia Bahrain almost done: known only to a single delivery in 2004, 40 trucks KAMAZ-4326. There may have been concluded as small value contracts for the supply of weapons for special forces operations, but no official data on this. While this is all on the achievements of Russia Bahrain military equipment market. This situation did not change even intensive negotiations on the supply of aircraft, conducted in January 2010 during the international Bahrain International Air Show 2010 Eyrshou (BIAS-2010).
Qatar.
This emirate is also under strong American influence. On the territory Qatar is a major military base of the United States that will certainly affect and on his arms and materiel procurement policies. Conventional arms exporter in the country France has been a long time, but in the last decade, priority belongs to the United States. After the last eight years on a package of demands weapons Qatar occupies 12th place in Middle East, having similar results with Iran: until 2015 he will spend for this purpose to $ 1.186 billion Of this amount, $ 750 million in the U.S. (63.2%), and $ 150 million to Germany and Switzerland (by 12.65%), followed by a small contract with Italy, France and the Netherlands. Interaction Qatar and Russia MTC practically not developed - still it limited to only a single delivery in 2004 of 500 military trucks KAMAZ, and the nearest term breakthrough in this area is not expected. In the best case possible implementation of low-value programs related to the repair of previously supplied equipment and / or procurement of small batches of armored vehicles and dual-use goods. In addition, Russia is also in talks to supply certain types of weapons for the forces special purpose Qatar (maybe some contracts have already been signed).
Kuwait.
Despite the fact that Kuwait is a typical pro-Western Arab monarchies, he tries to maintain friendly relations with many countries, including Russia. Country the whole cycle has finished restore and modernize its armed forces after the Iraqi occupation of 1990-1991., resorting to arms procurement not only Western but also Russian production (eg, BMP-2, BMP-3, Smerch MLRS). However, the dominant position in overall supplies are the United States and, apparently, they will retain this position in the future. Today, Russia is trying to interest Kuwait modernization programs tanks and M-84AV BMP-3 and the supply of air defense. However, after 2002 a significant procurement in Russia Qatari side was not made, except in 2009, signed a contract for delivery against payment of the Russian debt two landing craft air cushion Project 12061E Murena (accessible information on the implementation of the contract as Fall 2013 is not). In addition, Russia is currently completing the modernization of MLRS Tornado and began modernization of BMP-3 delivered to Kuwait.
UAE.
United Arab Emirates is the second country after Saudi Arabia Middle East region in terms of procurement of military hardware. UAE traditionally run policy import diversification, although the market is dominated by American arms manufacturers. One of the biggest arms deals in world history was the conclusion in 2007 agreement for the purchase in the United States nine SAM batteries PAC-3 in the amount of $ 9 billion of actual volume U.S. arms shipments to the UAE in 2008-2011. estimated at 7.335 billion dollars, representing 66.1% of total imports of arms UAE (11.095 billion dollars). Second place in the years occupied Russia ($ 891 million), the third - France (818 million dollars). The top five also included Germany ($ 507 million) and Switzerland ($ 307 million). United States in the coming years will retain its undisputed dominance of the arms market in this country: the volume of their exports to the UAE in 2015 to be about U.S. $ 12.717 billion (77.53% of total planned volume of deliveries). Second place is likely to take France (1881000000 dollars), the third - Italy (607 million dollars). Fourth and fifth places are reserved Switzerland (204 million) and Sweden ($ 180 million). Russia is not listed. Meanwhile, the Russian military-technical cooperation and the UAE has a long history. Since the beginning of the 1990s. UAE were delivered large batches of armor (815 BMP-3 and vehicles based on them), as well as Smerch MLRS, and Igla MANPADS Igla-S, anti-tank and anti-aircraft missiles, and cars. But after the 2001 volumes Russian supplies began to decline, and in recent years gained wide popularity Once the program is to develop and supply the UAE 50 ZRPK Carapace-C1 in the amount of 734 million dollars Running long negotiations on the establishment for the UAE air defense system based on the Russian S-400 have not yet yielded results, despite the announcement made back in 2007 a ??proposal for redemption Russian debt UAE deliveries of military equipment. The volume of Russian exports in the period 2008-2011 gg. amounted to 890.6 million dollars, but then it began a sharp decline.
Oman.
Sultanate of Oman - one of the most militarized states in the Middle East. Oil revenues contribute to the record high cost of weapons. The main partners in Oman PTS are the UK and the U.S., which in recent years increasingly joined France, Germany, South Africa, Pakistan, India, Jordan and Saudi Arabia. In 2003-2009. Oman purchased American weapons and military technology for nearly $ 1 billion in Oman remains an important springboard Western countries in case of warfare in Middle East. Therefore, both the Americans and the British with respect to Oman departed from its usual practice of supply armies of Arab countries obsolete weapons and supply enough Sultanate modern samples of military hardware. PTS sultanate with Russia so far has been episodic. We only know about the delivery in 1992 six T-80 tanks (data UN Register of Conventional Arms) and the purchase in 2005, the party LAW 9K129 Kornet-E. Oman also addressed the question of the Russian shore supply Bastion complex equipped with supersonic anti-ship missiles PG-10 BrahMos Russian-Indian development. However, information on the conclusion of such a contract is not.
Saudi Arabia.
As a leading oil power in the Middle East and one of the most important U.S. allies, Saudi Arabia spends on acquiring weapons of enormous resources. With the U.S. on the one hand, the Saudis deliver the most advanced military hardware samples, and on the other, try to keep the military-technological superiority of Israel in the region.
A new wave of Saudi contracts began in 2006, when this country was signed agreement for the purchase of American and French weapons worth about $ 13 billion, which is comparable with the amount of contracts for the 1998-2005 years. In 2007 was made ??a large-scale transaction for the acquisition of the UK 72 Eurofighter Typhoon fighter cost 8.9 billion dollars (in the long term total cost of delivery may be more than $ 20 billion). Negotiating the purchase of the other major parties in the UK and aircraft France. Also expected to purchase tanks, antiaircraft and escort warships. Thus, among the suppliers of military hardware Saudis came to the fore in United Kingdom, second place is occupied by the U.S. (3.417 billion dollars), the third - France (880 million dollars), more are Canada (498 million dollars) and Turkey (408 million dollars). Total exports of weapons and military equipment to Saudi Arabia carried out by 11 countries, including Russia. It is expected that by 2015 the U.S. come out on top by the supply of military hardware to Saudi Arabia (U.S. $ 16.843 billion). Russia has been trying to penetrate the Saudi arms market, though not quite successfully. It is known that in Saudi Arabia passed the test tank T-90S were also conducted negotiating the sale of other Russian armored vehicles totaling approximately $ 1 billion The Saudis have also shown interest in Russian air defense systems and helicopters. In the summer of 2008 was signed a framework agreement on military-technical cooperation between Russia and Saudi Arabia. Later times there were reports that Moscow and Riyadh are working on a package of purchase agreements Russian helicopters, air defense systems and armored vehicles worth more than 4 billion dollars, however, the information is still not have reached an agreement.
Iraq .
After the regime change in Baghdad in 2003, Russia has managed to put Iraqonly a few multipurpose helicopters Mi-17 . Of course, the Iraqi leadershiparms market in Iraq belongs to Americans who carry about 85% total imports of military hardware to the country. However, since mid-2012 the situation has changed. This occurred after Russia and Iraq have agreed on the portfolio to supply arms to the $ 4.2 billion We are talking about buying 48 combat vehicles air defense missile-gun complex Carapace C-1 ($ 2.2 billion), 36 helicopters Mi-28N ($ 2 billion) and a certain amount ofmilitary equipment. Appeared also reports of a possible purchase in Baghdad short term fighter MiG-29M/M2 .Signing of Russia and Iraq one of the largest contracts in the MTC for all recent history from a political point of view has been regarded as evidence that the Shiite government of this country begins to conduct more independent of Washington's policy. However, immediately after signing the contract began to appear conflicting opinions on the reality of this transaction, including by some Iraqi officials who propose to revise contracts because of their possible of corruption. As a result, there is still no clarity as to when and in what volume will begin implementation of these agreements. Besides the active counteraction final decision on the part of Iraq have the U.S., which is not interested in strengthening Russia's position in the region.
Iran .
Iran now largely located in international isolation,largely relies on self in the military sphere. Iran's cooperation with Russia was quite active during the implementation of a package of agreements in 1989-1991., which were delivered to Iran planes MiG-29 and Su-24MK , SAM C-200VE three underwaterdraft boats 877EKM , organized the local assembly of tanks T-72S and BMP-2 . This cooperationwas interrupted in the late 1990s. Russian side under pressure from the Americans. After the 2000 Russian-Iranian military-technical cooperation was resumed only in limited quantities, and the largest contract at the time was the supply of SAM -Tor M , attack aircraft Su-25 andHelicopter Mi-17 . In subsequent years, negotiations and contacts then resumed, thenquieted down again, which was due solely political situation around Iran's nuclear program and the international reaction to it. Periodically renewable supply of military hardware to Iran have always been accompanied by the introduction of the U.S. sanctions against Russian arms manufacturers. Most often this Sanctions were subjected to aircraft manufacturers, rocketry and air defense systems, among which Instrument Design Bureau , the company Sukhoi and Rosoboronexport as a mediator.Regular and short-term thaw began in late 2007 when, in Tehran meeting of the Russian-Iranian intergovernmental commission on military-technical cooperation, which is the main result became Russia's statement of intent to continue the PTS with Iran. She ended the spring of 2010, when it was already clear that against Iran will be introduced more stringent UN sanctions, which Russia for various reasons, have to support what happened. UN Security Council resolution number 1929 was adopted June 9, 2010, and September 22, 2010 was promulgated Presidential Decree on the implementation of this resolution prohibiting any transfer to Iran battle tanks, armored combat vehicles, large caliber artillery systems, combat aircraft, attack helicopters, warships, missiles or missile systems, SAM S-300 , or material resources associated with all of the above, including spare parts.
During the thaw negotiated supply 50 engines RD-33 that Iran wasintends to establish supersonic fighter-bombers of its own design Azarakhsh ( Lightning ), the creation of Iran modified version of the helicopter Ka-32 andserial assembly of these helicopters in Iran, Iranian submarines repair project 877EKM .Also discussed the possibility of purchasing fighter Su-30 and MiG-29 SMT , tacticalmissile systems Iskander-E , tanks T-90S tanks , towed artillery Nona-K and other equipment. Naval forces of Iran have shown interest in acquiring missile, landing and patrol boats and corvettes. As promising directions PTS both parties recognized the cooperation in the development of space communication systems and remote sensing and organization of licensed production in Iran a number of land and sea weapons systems. In addition to these negotiations in 2007 Russia was implemented SAM supply 29 Tor-M1 , including the 1200 missiles for them.The most significant event in this period was the signing of a contract to supply Iran 5 divisions AAMS S-300PMU-1 estimated cost of about $ 800 million, however,Support Russian embargo on Iran in June 2010 led to automatically complete failure to comply with these agreements. Iran from happening make conclusions, accusing Russia of dishonesty and saying, that is already independent development of similar air defense systems. Obviously, in Further, even if the lifting of sanctions, Iran is unlikely to be bought in Russia weapons and reoriented in this direction to China, which is already happening, and other more compliant suppliers. Moreover, since the spring of 2011 in the Court of Arbitration Geneva is a trial on the Iranian claim to the $ 4 billion While Russia has returned Iran only advance by non-fulfillment of a contract in the amount of $ 166.8 million and continues endeavor to ensure that Iran has withdrawn its claim - to no avail. Total losses in Russia due to the failure of the military technical cooperation with Iran is estimated at 11-13 billion dollars This volume includes a waiver of arms deliveries under signed contracts and lost profits from folding programs for promising projects. Today, cooperation Iran is being sluggish for a limited range of weapons that are not prohibited UN Security Council resolution. Judging by some fragmentary information, we can talk about modify previously supplied aircraft Su-24MK and repair Iranian submarines.Projected volume of Russian exports to Iran to 2015. will be about 60 million dollars, compared with 1.68 billion dollars in 2004-2007. and $ 410 million in 2008-2011.
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