رد: القوات الجوية تستعد للمشاركة في "العلم الأخضر" ببريطانيا
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القوات الجوية تستعد للمشاركة في "العلم الأخضر" ببريطانيا
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رد: القوات الجوية تستعد للمشاركة في "العلم الأخضر" ببريطانيا
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رد: القوات الجوية تستعد للمشاركة في "العلم الأخضر" ببريطانيا
تقرير مجلة Combat Aircraft (عدد November 2013) عن تمرين العلم الاخضر السعودي البريطاني 2013
A POTENT
PARTNERSHIP
SAUDI-BRITISH GREEN FLAG
The joint Saudi-British Green Flag exercise held at RAF
Coningsby for the first two weeks of September
presented an unprecedented opportunity for the two
allied air forces to prove their interoperability.
report and photos: Jamie Hunter
THE ROYAL SAUDI Air Force
has enjoyed a lengthy and
productive relationship with
the United Kingdom that
stretches right back to its
origins nearly 90 years ago. In
terms of both equipment and training, the
RSAF has long looked to the UK as well as
the USA as strong partners. During recent
years, the training element has evolved
through participation in a number of highprofile
exercises.
In the USA, for example, the RSAF has
deployed its F-15 Eagles to Nellis AFB to
participate in ‘Red Flag’ exercises. Of late the
RSAF has also participated in exercises in
France and Turkey with its F-15s, while the
75th Squadron’s Tornado IDS jets from King
Abdul Aziz Air Base, Dhahran, deployed to
RAF Lossiemouth for exercise ‘Saudi Green
Flag’ in 2007.
This year, the RSAF was back in the UK en
masse as part of a large-scale mobilization to
test the capabilities of both its Tornado IDS
and Typhoon forces, as well as new support
elements.
‘Saudi-British Green Flag’ was held during
the first two weeks of September, the main
hub of activity being RAF Coningsby,
Lincolnshire. Led by detachment commander
Brig Gen Mohammed Al-Shahrani, the RSAF
deployed four Typhoons under lead elements
from the 10th Squadron at King Fahd Air
Base, Taif, and a quartet of Tornado IDS,
again led by the 75th Squadron.
A significant exercise
RAF Coningsby Station Commander Gp Capt
Johnny Stringer commented on the exercise:
‘Both for RAF Coningsby and for the Royal
Air Force, this is a hugely significant
exercise. [It provides] the opportunity to
fly the same aircraft types with our RSAF
friends to share our tactical thinking, share
our mutual thoughts on how we employ our
platforms, and for us as a station to support a
detachment at significant range from a fellow
air force.
‘[The exercise will allow] the pilots,
navigators, engineers, fighter controllers and
all of the people that the RSAF has brought
across that we are hosting both at Coningsby,
and more broadly in the UK, not only to
understand and know each other a little bit
better, but if we ever have to go and fly and
fight alongside each other for real then at the
end of this two-week exercise we have the
confidence in each other that we are able to
do that.’
Gen Shahrani added: ‘We started engaging
with the RAF [regarding this exercise] some
nine to 10 months ago. We are flying the
Tornado [IDS] in the same role that the RAF
is flying, which is for air-to-ground missions.
We are also flying the Typhoon air-to-air, like
the RAF, [and] we are combining the two
platforms together to make sure they’re going
to operate together.’
The General was the RSAF’s first Typhoon
pilot, trained in the UK by the RAF Typhoon
Operational Conversion Unit (OCU). ‘I am
the detachment commander here’, he said.‘[In] my current job in the RSAF I am deputy
2nd Flying Wing (Group) commander in
Taif. I’ve flown the Tornado, F-15 and now
Typhoon, which is, I think, excellent to finish
my flying career with, and I’m proud of that.
‘I want to emphasise that one very
important objective is to make sure that our
people from aircrew to engineers, to staff
and fighter control can to work side-to-side
with the RAF, to make sure interoperability is
happening.
‘[For the] RSAF it is the first time we are
deploying the Typhoon for a long period of
time outside our kingdom, so that means we
are reaching our logistic support out to 3,000
miles, which is very important for us to test.
Also it is the first time [we have used] the
[Airbus Military A330] MRTT for trailing
from Saudi Arabia to here, which has proven
successful in this exercise. So there are two
or three areas which are very important to
see, and from what we have seen it is really
successful.’
The detachment involved all elements
convening at Taif ahead of the push west to
the UK. Gen Shahrani explained: ‘It was a
‘one-shot’, actually, from Saudi Arabia (for
the Typhoons) all the way until we landed
here at Coningsby. We refuelled about three
times (during the flight) and that was good
enough for us to test the system and test the
trail. All our logistical support was delivered
to the UK by C-130 Hercules and we used the
new [A330] MRTTs because [as a] Multi-Role
Tanker Transport we used them to ferry our
main party of personnel to the UK. So, that’s
a big test for the aircraft, [and we can see] it
was worth buying these aircraft.’
The A330 MRTT elements of the exercise
deployment used RAF Brize Norton for the
inbound flights, seeing as Coningsby doesn’t
offer the requisite infrastructure for such
large aircraft. The fact that the MRTTs both
tanked the fighters and ferried personnel
underlines the versatility and usefulness
of the type. The MRTT doesn’t require
additional fuel tanks, and therefore the
fuselage main deck retains a full passenger
configuration.
UK flying
In two main waves each day, the RSAF
fighters flew a range of missions alongside
their RAF counterparts. Elements from Nos
II(AC) and 31 Squadrons moved from their
home at RAF Marham to Coningsby to act
as the Tornado GR4 host unit, while No 3(F)
Squadron played host to the Typhoons. The
visiting units, and missions, were all planned
and run out of the No 29(R) Squadron
Typhoon OCU complex, this unit having
‘bolt-holed’ to RAF Waddington to make
space at Coningsby for the important visitors.
Gp Capt Stringer provided further details
about the missions. ‘In terms of what the
exercise looks like, you are obviously drawn
to Coningsby because it’s where Tornados
and Typhoons are flying, but we also have
embedded RSAF personnel with our GCI
(Ground Controlled Intercept) personnel up
at RAF Boulmer — we have them supporting
the ‘white force’ (the exercise directing staff)
and we have RSAF TAC-Ps (Tactical Air
Control Party) training as well. You can see
from that breadth that this is more than
just flying some aircraft together — this is a
significant engagement.
‘Initial flying serials were familiarisation,’
he continued, ‘which is exactly what we
do when we deploy to another country.
But we are looking to build onto that and
run COMAO (Combined Air Operation)
missions, integrating both UK and Saudi
Tornado and Typhoon forces with an
increasing level of complexity in the
missions. There’s GCI support which
has Saudi controllers there as well, we
have also got UK E-3D AWACS, Cobham
Aviation supporting with their Falcon 20s
and No 100 Squadron Hawks providing
‘Red Air’ assets, so they’re well-developed
missions. Certainly looking at the pace,
from ‘famil’ flights to doing COMAOs, there
is a good, healthy, pace to the exercise.
‘There is intelligence support to the
serials, but we re-set the scenario as we
need to in order to get what we want out of
the mission.’
The RSAF detachment commander was
clearly delighted at the opportunities the
exercise provided. ‘We are using all of the
ranges in the UK, for which the RAF is kind
enough to give us time, like the electronic
warfare range (at Spadeadam). I’m sure
the RAF fly their aircraft there all the time,
[and] we are planning something similar
soon in Saudi Arabia.’
Gen Shahrani continued: ‘The weather
is one of the factors that we actually put
into our planning. This is why we had the
familiarisation missions, since it is our job
to ensure we adjust our mission [according
to] weather. [However], our aircraft should
be able enough to fly in any weather.’
Gp Capt Stringer quipped: ‘In [the]
Typhoon you just fly above the weather.’
‘Way above the weather…’ replied the
General.
Lessons learned
For the RSAF Typhoons, this was a very
important venture away from their home
station at Taif. Gen Shahrani explained:
‘[This is the] first extended deployment for
the Typhoon, and I personally picked highand
medium-experienced crews to make
sure they will do it right. For the Tornados,
this is the second time they are in the UK
so they have a mix, but mainly aboveaverage
experience.’
Gp Capt Stringer was in no doubt about
the benefits of the exercise. ‘It’s not just
how you fly, it’s how you think as well.
So, exercises and sharing experience and
thinking are fundamental to growing
your overall capability. There is so much
that is generated well beyond an Excel
spreadsheet or a Powerpoint presentation
— the fact that our engineers are engaging
on a daily basis, our aircrews are working
together from met brief, planning,
execution, debrief, and then chatting about
it afterwards. You can’t render that teaching
package at range; you only get those
benefits by getting people together in the
same place.’
Asked if a return exercise was planned,
Gen Shahrani commented: ‘We always
welcome anybody to come and exercise
with us.’
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رد: القوات الجوية تستعد للمشاركة في "العلم الأخضر" ببريطانيا
Saudi Green Flag Exercise
For two weeks during September, RAF Coningsby became a hive of activity with the base hosting guests from the Royal Saudi Air Force (RSAF - al-quwwāt al-ğawwiyyah al-malakiyyah as-suʿūdiyyah) as they joined the Royal Air Force to take part in Exercise Saudi-British Green Flag.
The exercise, starting on September 4th, saw a RSAF force of 4 Panavia Tornado IDS and 4 Eurofighter Typhoon aircraft working alongside Royal Air Force Typhoons and Tornados in a series of sorties from RAF Coningsby during which the crews gained experience and knowledge of how the other force works. A typical sortie saw eight Tornados and eight Typhoons take off in pairs during two daily waves with one in the morning and another in the afternoon, lasting on average 1-2 hours with each two-ship flight comprising a RAF and RSAF aircraft. The exercise also allowed the two air arms to work in conjunction with the same aircraft types to understanding how to utilise the aircraft to its full potential with the aim being to gain a greater overall effect and knowledge of the aircraft and operating tactics.
The RAF element of the exercise was provided by the Coningsby based 3 (Fighter) Squadron, alongside a composite Tornado GR4 force from RAF Marham, who deployed to the airfield for the duration. It is of note that 29 Squadron were due to deploy to RAF Akritori for the duration of the Saudis stay, however due to the ongoing situation in Syria their deployment was cancelled. Subsequently, the aircraft 'Boltholed' to RAF Waddington to make space at Coningsby.
As well as all of the training opportunities, this was the first significant deployment of the Typhoon outside of the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. It also marked the first time that the air arms Airbus A330 MRTT's had the chance to 'trail' aircraft operationally. In this case, the Saudi Typhoons flew directly from Taif being refueled in the air by the MRTT. Green Flag also gave the RSAF further knowledge on how to employ their platforms with the aim of supporting a detachment at significant range, reaching out their logistic support to some 3,000 miles.
Before the exercise started a fleet of RSAF Lockheed C130H Hercules from 4 and 16 Squadron's transported the cargo required to sustain the Saudi deployment. With a flight of 4 C130's arriving at RAF Coningsby on the 23 August, 4 of the type on the 25 August and a further 3 on the 26 August, plus a single aircraft on the 27 August, the scale of the deployments logistics could be seen by the ever increasing piles of cargo outside the 29 Squadron hangar. The C130s routed from Taif (King Fahd Air Base) to Heraklion International Airport in Crete for a fuel stop before routing onto Coningsby. After a quick two hour turn around for refueling and unloading, a fresh crew already in place at Coningsby took the aircraft back on the return journey to Taif for the next round trip with more supplies.
The Lockheed C-130 Hercules is a four-engine turboprop military transport aircraft designed and built originally by Lockheed, now Lockheed Martin. Capable of using unprepared runways for takeoffs and landings, the C-130 was originally designed as a troop, medical evacuation, and cargo transport aircraft. The versatile airframe has found uses in a variety of other roles, including as a gunship (AC-130), for airborne assault, search and rescue, scientific research support, weather reconnaissance, aerial refueling, maritime patrol and aerial firefighting. It is now the main tactical airlifter for many military forces worldwide. Over 40 models and variants of the Hercules serve with more than 60 nations. In 2007, the C-130 became the fifth aircraft—after the English Electric Canberra, Boeing B-52 Stratofortress, Tupolev Tu-95, and Boeing KC-135 Stratotanker—to mark 50 years of continuous use with its original primary customer, in this case, the United States Air Force.
The Royal Saudi Air Force received its first C-130 in 1965, with 3 transport squadrons being equipped with the type and now operate the largest fleet of legacy C-130s outside of the USA. The Saudis currently have some 40 C130s in service (Transport, Airborne Refueling and VIP Transport Roles), including 7 KC-130H Aerial Tankers with 32 Squadron (RSAF 6 Wing) and 5 VC-130H aircraft for the transport of VIPs with 1 Squadron/Royal Flight (RSAF 1 Wing ). Although the Saudi Hercules are going through a modification program, they have requested a possible purchase of 25 C-130J's, including 5 tankers to replace their Legacy models. The C-130H model has updated Allison T56-A-15 turboprops, a redesigned outer wing, updated avionics and other minor improvements. Later H models had a new, fatigue-life-improved, center wing that was retro-fitted to many earlier H-models.
The bulk of the Saudi detachment arrived on the 27 August with 4 Typhoons, 3 FGR5 (Serials - 310, 312, 313) plus a single T54 (Serial - 322),and 2 Tornado IDS (Serials - 7507 and 8312). The final pair of Tornado's (Serials - 7512 and 8312) were delayed in Grosetto, Italy whilst a technical fault was rectified on one of the jets and they arrived 2 days later direct from Italy.
A Cessna Citation 550 IIB arrived on the 29th August direct from Italy. The aircraft is operated by 1 Squadron/Royal Flight based at Riyadh/King Khaled Air Base under RSAF 1 Wing and the aircraft departed back to Italy on 30th after a brief night stop.
The Typhoons, arriving as 'MAZDA' 1-4 flight , had flown directly from Saudi Arabia carrying a complement of 3 modified 'Hindenburg' drop tanks, in common use across the worlds Typhoon fleet. Painted in the desert Kingdom’s distinctive new two-tone camouflage scheme, the jets are operated by 10 Squadron out of Taif (King Fahd Air Base) under the command of RSAF 2 Wing. Currently the RSAF have some 30 of the type in service as multi-role fighters split between 18 FGR5 single seat (Serials - 1001-1008 and 307-316) and 12 T54 twin seat (Serials - 301-306 and 317-322) aircraft. The Typhoons are operated by both 3 and 10 Squadrons at King Fahd air base and the aircraft are almost identical to RAF Typhoons.
Designed by a consortium of three companies, EADS, Alenia Aeronautica and BAE Systems, working through a holding company, Eurofighter GmbH, which was formed in 1986, the aircraft first flew on 27 March 1994 and entered operational service in August 2003. As well as the Royal Saudi Air Force, the Typhoon has entered service with the Austrian Air Force, Italian Air Force, German Luftwaffe, British Royal Air Force and Spanish Air Force.
The RSAF announced its intention to purchase the Eurofighter Typhoon from BAE Systems in December 2005 under Project Salam. On 18 August 2006 a memorandum of understanding was signed for 72 aircraft with 24 Tranche 2 standard jets being produced in the UK and the rest in Saudi Arabia with the last 24 being of Tranche 3 standard. Following contract renegotiations in early 2011, all 72 aircraft for the RSAF would be assembled by BAE Systems in the UK. Some 3 years after the Saudi's showed their first interest in the type, the first Typhoon for the Saudis took to the air on 22 October 2008 from BAE Systems Aerodrome at Warton. The first of the type (Serials - 1001 & 1002) were handed over to the RSAF on 11 June 2009, with the delivery flights taking place 2 weeks later on 23 June 2009, to King Fahd air base. To begin with all the Typhoons were operated by 3 Squadron, but once sufficient crews became qualified and more aircraft delivered, 10 Squadron was stood up.
The aircraft were trailed across by Airbus A330-202 MRTT (2401) flying as 'RSF3882' which landed at RAF Brize Norton after leaving the jets on the last segment of their journey. A second A330 MRTT, 2402 flying as 'RSF3883' arrived at Brize Norton carrying ground crew and support personnel. Operated by 24 Squadron out of Al kharj (Prince Sultan Air Base) the Tankers come under the command of RSAF 6 Wing.
Based on the civil designed Airbus A330-200, the A330 MRTT (Multi Role Tanker Transport) is a military derivative of the type and first flew in its MRTT Configuration in 2007. The RSAF currently have 3 of the type on strength with another 3 on order. Equipped with the Airbus Military Aerial Refueling Boom System (ARBS) for receptacle-equipped receiver aircraft and 2 Cobam 905E under-wing refueling pods for probe-equipped receivers, the aircraft has a maximum fuel capacity of 111,000 kg (245,000 lb) and the cabin can be configured to carry up to 380 passengers. This allows a complete range of configurations from maximized troop transport to complex customization suitable for VIP and guest missions along with medical evacuations. As well as the RSAF, the A330 MRTT has been ordered by the Royal Australian Air Force (RAAF), Royal Air Force (RAF) and the United Arab Emirates Air Force.
Saudi Arabia finalized a deal to purchase three A330 MRTT on 3 January 2008 and ordered an additional 3 in 2009 which are due for delivery during 2014. Powered by 2 General Electric CF6-80, the first 3 had been successfully delivered to 24 Squadron by 31 January 2013. Less than a month later the first A330 MRTT became operational on 25 February 2013 with Deputy Minister of Defense Prince Khaled bin Sultan dedicating the aircraft at a ceremony at Riyadh Airbase.
The Tornados arrived in pairs under the callsign 'GREEN 1 & 2' albeit two days apart flying direct from Grosetto carrying 2 x 2250 litre drop tanks. The aircraft, adorned in an allover grey scheme, were operated by 75 Squadron based out of Dhahran (King Abdul Aziz Air Base) for the duration of the exercise. Two of the aircraft, 8306 and 8312, are normally operated by 83 Squadron who are based alongside 75 Squadron at Dhahran although both are under the command of RSAF 11 Wing.
Used in the Ground attack role, the RSAF currently have 82 of the type on strength across 3 Squadrons (7, 75 and 83 Squadrons) based at Dhahran (King Abdullah Aziz Air Base). Under the Al Yamamah I contract, signed on 25 September 1985, the sale of 48 Tornado IDS and 24 Tornado ADV's was agreed. Less than a year later the first flight of a RSAF Tornado IDS took place on 26 March 1986, with deliveries beginning soon after. In June 1993 the Al Yamamah II contract was signed, the bulk of the deal being an additional 48 Tornado IDS aircraft.
Following experience with both the Tornado and the McDonnell Douglas F-15E Strike Eagle, the RSAF discontinued any low-level mission training in the F-15E due to the Tornado's superior low-altitude flight performance. A number of the Saudi Tornados have been outfitted for reconnaissance missions.
The aircraft are currently in the process of an upgrade program at a cost of $4.66 billion under the "Tornado Sustainment Programme" (TSP). The Upgrade will equip the IDS fleet with a range of new precision-guided weapons and enhanced targeting equipment, in many cases common with those systems already fielded by the Royal Air Forces Tornado GR4 fleet. In December 2007, the first RSAF aircraft to be completed under the upgrade was returned to Saudi Arabia. During the first week of November 2009, Saudi Air Force Tornados performed air raids over the Yemeni Sa'dah insurgency Shi'a in Yemeni Northern region of Sa'dah in support of the air arms F-15s. It was the first time since Operation Desert Storm in 1991 that Saudi Air Force partook actively in a military operation over hostile territory.
With the Fast jet element of the exercise coming to an end on September 13, a small display was provided with the RAF Typhoon Solo Display flown by Flight Lieutenant Jamie Norris. As well as the Typhoon display, 'Nos' was joined by Supermarine Spitfire PR.XIX PS915 of the Battle of Britain Memorial flight for a number of flypasts before the Spitfire flew its display. The BBMF's Lancaster also flew a display for the gathered crowds.
Almost as quick as it had come, the job of getting the RSAF back to Saudi started with the C130 fleet being called upon again. The aircraft started arriving on the 13th for the round trips back to Saudi Arabia. The RSAF Fast jet element departed back to their home bases from RAF Coningsby on 16 September, the Typhoons again trailed back home by one of the MRTT's. The Royal Saudi Air Force made some 27 Hercules flights in order to support the exercise - a sign of the size and scale of the logistics involved!
Participating Aircraft - Exercise Green Flag 2013
RSAF Aircraft
Type Serial Unit Eurofighter EF2000 Typhoon FGR5 310(Pre Delivery ZK078) 3 Squadron Eurofighter EF2000 Typhoon FGR5 312(Pre Delivery ZK080) 3 Squadron Eurofighter EF2000 Typhoon FGR5 313(Pre Delivery ZK071) 3 Squadron Eurofighter EF2000 Typhoon T54 322(Pre Delivery ZK090) 3 Squadron Panavia Tornado IDS 7507(Pre Delivery ZH924) 75 Squadron Panavia Tornado IDS 7512(Pre Delivery ZH929) 75 Squadron Panavia Tornado IDS 8306(Pre Delivery ZH939) 83 Squadron Panavia Tornado IDS 8312(Pre Delivery ZH945) 83 Squadron Lockeed C130H Hercules 475 4 Squadron Lockeed C130H Hercules 482 4 Squadron Lockeed C130H Hercules 483 4 Squadron Lockeed C130H Hercules 486 4 Squadron Lockeed C130H Hercules 1622 16 Squadron Lockeed C130H Hercules 1623 16 Squadron Lockeed C130H Hercules 1624 16 Squadron Lockeed C130H Hercules 1625 16 Squadron Lockeed C130H Hercules 1630 16 Squadron Airbus A330 MRTT 2401 24 Squadron Airbus A330 MRTT 2402 24 Squadron Airbus A330 MRTT 2403 24 Squadron Cessna Citation 550 IIB HZ136 1 Squadron/Royal Flight
The RSAF Typhoons were flown by crews from 10 Squadron for the duration of the Exercise.
The RSAF Tornados were flown by crews from 75 Squadron for the duration of the Exercise.
The MRTT's operated in and out of RAF Brize Norton (27/28 th August & 15/16th September)
RAF Aircraft
Type Serial Unit Panavia Tornado GR4 ZA371/005 2 (AC) Squadron Panavia Tornado GR4 ZA472/031 31 Squadron Panavia Tornado GR4 ZA473/032 Unmarked/31 Squadron Panavia Tornado GR4 ZA604/068 Unmarked/9 Squadron Panavia Tornado GR4 ZD810 102 2 (AC) Squadron Panavia Tornado GR4 ZD842/105 15 (R) Sqaudron Panavia Tornado GR4 ZG705/118 Unmarked/9 Squadron Eurofighter EF2000 Typhoon T3 ZJ815/BN 29 (R) Squadron Eurofighter EF2000 Typhoon FGR4 ZJ912/DR 11 (F) Squadron Eurofighter EF2000 Typhoon FGR4 ZJ931/DA 11 (F) Squadron Eurofighter EF2000 Typhoon FGR4 ZK305/DE 11 (F) Squadron Eurofighter EF2000 Typhoon FGR4 ZK306/BT 29 (R) Squadron Eurofighter EF2000 Typhoon FGR4 ZK309/QO-P 3 (F) Squadron Eurofighter EF2000 Typhoon FGR4 ZK323/DN 11 (F) Squadron Eurofighter EF2000 Typhoon FGR4 ZK328/BS 29 (R) Squadron Eurofighter EF2000 Typhoon T3 ZK379/BB 29 (R) Squadron Eurofighter EF2000 Typhoon T3 ZK380/BG 29 (R)Squadron
The RAF Tornados were flown by crews from across the Tornado force for the duration of the Exercise.
The RAF Typhoons were flown by crews from 3 (F) Squadron for the duration of the Exercise.
For two weeks during September, RAF Coningsby became a hive of activity with the base hosting guests from the Royal Saudi Air Force (RSAF - al-quwwāt al-ğawwiyyah al-malakiyyah as-suʿūdiyyah) as they joined the Royal Air Force to take part in Exercise Saudi-British Green Flag. The exercise, starting on September 4th, saw a RSAF force
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